五邑大学成人高等教育台山市立信会计与电算化培训中心教学点
2011年成人高考专升本冲刺班英语复习提纲
名词:
一、 可数与不可数。
熟记常见的不可数名词:air beef bread chalk coal coffee cotton fish food fruit hair health money music mutton news noise orange paper pork rice salt sand silk snow tea temperature time treasure water weather wind wood wool Work advice knowledge
可数名词的复数形式:课本P13—P14
二|、名词的所有格:P15
1、 在有生命的名词后加’s ,以s 结尾的复数名词后加’
A man’s job
注意表示距离和时间的名词也可用这个所有格:
20 minutes’ walk Today’s paper
2、 在无生命的名词用of The windows of the classroom
3、 双重所有格: 在所修饰的词前面有表示数量的词:a ,two, some, any, no, few
One of my father’s friends
4、 在表示姓,职业的所有格后表示别人的家,商店,场所
The Green’s 格林的家
The tailor’s 裁缝店
注意:Jack’s and Mary’s parents (Jack 和Mary各自的父母)
Jack and Mary’s parents (Jack 和Mary同父母,共同拥有)
三、 主谓一致:P17
1. 表“距离,时间,重量,面积,金额”,谓语用动词单数形式
2. either…or, neither…nor 就近原则
3. as well as, along with,谓语动词和前一个名次或代词保持一致
冠词:
1、 分类:不定冠词(a /an),定冠词(the ),零冠词
2、 区别与作用:
不定冠词表示任意的一个,定冠词表示固定或已知的一个
作用:P18—20
数词;
1、 注意分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母要用复数
例:1/5:one fifth
2/5: two fifths
2、 表示清楚的数目与模糊的数目的区别:
单词:dozen(打,十二) score(二十) hundred(百) thousand(千) million(百万) billion(十亿)
表达准确的数目;例:三百:three hundred
三十万:three hundred thousand
三千万:thirty million
表达模糊的数:例:几百个:hundreds of
成千上万:thousands of
千千万万: thousands of millions of
代词:代词such 的几个句型:
such+形容词+名词词组(复数、单数、不可数名词)
例;Such jobs are really difficulty.
I don’t like such bad weather.
Such a good librarian could seldom be found.
Such +名词词组+that ;表示如此……以致…………
例:It is such good weather that many people go out to have a walk in the park.
代词it 的用法:
1、 ★it 作为逻辑主语:it +形容词/名词+to do something
例;It is useful to learn more than one foreign language.
It is a good deed to help the old man.
★It +形容词+that 从句
It was impossible that he didn’t pass the exam.
★It takes sb. sometime to do something花费某人多少时间做某事
It took me two hours to finish the job .
★ It is no good /no use doing something (做某事是没好处的/没用的)
It is no use talking with him .
2、 作逻辑宾语: 放在某些动词后
例:I found it necessary that you should wear glasses.
I found it important to learn English well.
3、强调句:it is/was +强调部分+that
It was in the street that I met him in the other day.
形容词与副词;
1、 形容词修饰名词,表示名词的属性,人物的特点,性质和状态。可以分为定语和表语形容词。
副词用来修饰动词,形容词、副词或者其他结构,说明时间,地点,方式等
2.注意;★某些形容词没有比较级,例:yellow
★以A开头的形容词只能当表语:alone afraid alive …………
★副词的最高级不用加 the
He runs fastest in the class.
3、 形容词和副词各级的基本句型:
★As +原级+as 表示 一方和另一方一样
Hangzhou is as beautiful as Suzhou.
★形容词和副词的比较级+than (比较级前可加表示程度的副词:much even a lot/a little)
English is much more difficult than Japanese.
★The +序数词或最高级+in /of ………… 表示在…………范围内最/第…………
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
It is the second largest city in Japan.
★形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级,表示越来越…………
When autumn comes, it comes cooler and cooler.
★The +形容词或副词的比较级,the +形容词或副词的比较级,越…………就越…………
The better his life is, the happier he feels.
★最高级可以没有比较的意义,用来加强语气,表示非常,极其,前面可以用A/AN ,或者不用冠词。
例:This is a most important essay.
★形容词前加the ,表示具有该种特征的人或物。
The poor 穷人 The rich 有钱人
The weak 弱者 The old 老人
动词:
一、动词的种类:行为动词:单独作谓语
连系动词:后跟表语
常见的连系动词:be seem look keep become get grow feel turn appear remain taste sound smell
助动词 :协助动词表达各种时态,语态,否定
助动词:do /does did
Have/has had
Be (is /am/are ) was /were Been
Will/shall would/should
情态动词:后跟动词的原形
注意:1、用Must 提问,肯定回答用MUST,否定用needn’t.
表示推测时,肯定用must ,否定用can’t
例:Must I finish the job in two hours?
No, you needn’t.
The door is open. The monitor must be in the office.
The door is closed. The monitor can’t be here right now.
2、 情态动词need可作情态词,也可作实义动词
作为情态动词的need 用在否定和疑问句中
You needn’t come with me .
作为实义动词,用在肯定句中;
The blackboard needs cleaning. You need to clean the blackboard.
二、 动词基本形式:
原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 Be (is/am/are) was /were been being
Do/does did done doing
(参照P49)
三、 动词的时态和他们的区别
请注意:1、动词的时态分三类:现在时,过去时及将来时
现在时可分为;一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时
无论哪一种时态,都是相对而论,不是绝对的。即不是发生在过去就用过去时,发生在现在就用现在时
例:He is a teacher.
He said he was a teacher.两句话同样表达出他是一个老师,而且是指现在是一位老师。
2、请注意各种时态和句中的时间状语的联系。
例:过去式一定要与表示过去的时间连用:yesterday, last week 等
He came back yesterday.
现在完成时却一定不能与有关过去的时间状语连用
He has come back .
|
时态 |
结构 |
时间提示词 |
例句 |
|
一般现在时 |
动词原形或单三 |
often, usually, always, every day/week…, once a week/month |
I often go to school by bike. |
|
一般过去时 |
动词的过去式-ed |
yesterday, last week, in 2008, two days ago, |
We held Beijing Olympics in 2008. |
|
一般将来时 |
Shall/will +do |
tomorrow, next week, in 2020, in two days |
Mary will come to China in two days. |
|
现在进行时 |
Am/are/is +doing |
now, right now, at present, at the moment |
We are having an English class now. |
|
过去进行时 |
Was/were +doing |
过去的某个时间点 |
He was studying at 9:00 yesterday. |
|
将来进行时 |
Will be +doing |
强调未来某个时间正在进行的动作 |
I will be waiting for you in my office after lunch. |
|
现在完成时 |
Have/has +动词过去分词 |
ever, already, since, for+一段时间(强调对现在有影响) |
I have learnt English for about 12 years. |
|
过去完成时 |
Had +动词过去分词 |
过去的过去 |
The train had left when we arrived at the station. |
|
将来完成时 |
Will have +动词过去分词 |
by +未发生的时间,强调对将来有影响 |
By the end of this year, I will have finished my study. |
|
现在完成进行时 |
Have/has been + doing |
强调过去到现在的动作,将一直持续下去,并有影响 |
We have been living in Taishan for 20 years. |
|
过去完成进行时 |
Had been +doing |
过去的过去动作一直在持续,并有影响 |
I asked her what she had been doing since she arrived in the city. |
四、 动词的非谓语形式(重点)课本P64--71
五:动词的被动态与练习:详见P72-74
结构: be+动词的过去分词-ed 中文翻译成“被”
We were punished by the teacher by the teacher. 我们今天早上被老师惩罚了。
句型:
状语从句 P105
名词性从句 P99
定词从句 P101
虚拟语气 P76
强调句 P110
倒装句: P112-113
注意半倒装与全倒装的区别:
半倒装:把助动词放在主语的前面
Not until last week can I finished the composition.
全倒装:把谓语放在主语前:Here comes the bus .
写作:
1. 议论文:结构一般为总分总,首先提出论点,然后展开论证,最后作出结论。
常见论题:Air pollution, The Advantage of Travel, Hope, Nature and Man, Fast food in China
2. 应用文的写法与习惯用语 P184